【独立宣言原文及译文】《独立宣言》是美国历史上具有里程碑意义的文件,由托马斯·杰斐逊等人起草,于1776年7月4日由大陆会议正式通过。它标志着北美13个殖民地正式脱离英国统治,宣布成立独立国家。该宣言不仅在美国历史上具有重要意义,也对全球民主思想的发展产生了深远影响。
以下是对《独立宣言》原文内容的简要总结,并附上部分关键段落的中英文对照表格,帮助读者更好地理解其核心思想与表达方式。
一、
《独立宣言》分为四个主要部分:
1. 引言(Preamble):阐明了人类平等和不可剥夺的权利,以及政府的合法性来源于人民的授权。
2. 理论基础(Declaration of Natural Rights):提出“人人生而平等”,拥有生命、自由和追求幸福的权利。
3. 列举英国国王的暴政(List of Grievances):详细列出了英国国王乔治三世对殖民地的种种压迫行为。
4. 宣告独立(Conclusion):正式宣布13个殖民地脱离英国,成为自由独立的国家。
整个宣言语言庄重,逻辑严密,体现了启蒙思想家如洛克、卢梭等人的政治理念,强调了人民主权和反抗暴政的权利。
二、原文与译文对照表
原文(英文) | 中文翻译 |
When in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the Separation. | 当人类事务进程中,有必要解除一个民族与另一个民族之间的政治联系时,他们就有权在世界列强中占据独立和平等的地位,这是自然法则和造物主赋予他们的权利;因此,为了尊重人类的意见,他们应当公开说明促使他们分离的原因。 |
We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. | 我们认为这些真理是不言自明的:人人生而平等,造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利,其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。 |
That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed. | 为了保障这些权利,政府才在人们中间建立起来,其正当权力来自被统治者的同意。 |
Whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. | 任何一种政府,如果破坏这些目标,人民就有权改变或废除它,建立新的政府,以这样的原则为基础,按照最有可能保障他们安全和幸福的形式来组织权力。 |
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the Rectitude of our Intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States. | 因此,我们,美利坚合众国的代表,在全体会议上,呼吁世界最高裁判者来证明我们的意图是正当的,谨以这些殖民地人民的名义,庄严宣布:这些殖民地有权成为自由和独立的国家。 |
三、结语
《独立宣言》不仅是美国建国的基础性文件,也是世界民主进程中的重要文献。它所倡导的平等、自由与人民主权的理念,至今仍影响着全球的政治制度与社会价值观。通过对比其原文与中文译文,我们可以更深入地理解其历史意义与思想内涵。